Radiosurgery, also called stereotactic radiosurgery, is a very precise form of therapeutic radiology. Even though it is called surgery, radiosurgery does not involve actual surgery. Instead, very focused beams of radiation (gamma rays, X-rays, or protons) are used to treat cancerous tissues without a surgical incision or opening. Radiosurgery is called surgery because it is a 1-session radiation therapy treatment that creates a similar result as an actual surgical procedure. It distorts or destroys the DNA of tumor cells, causing them to be unable to reproduce and grow. The tumor will shrink in size over time. For blood vessel lesions, like an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), the blood vessels eventually close off after treatment.

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