Attenuation is the reduction of the intensity of an x-ray beam as it traverses matter. The reduction may be caused by absorption or by deflection (scatter) of photons from the beam and can be affected by different factors such as beam energy and atomic number of the absorber. The amplitude and intensity of ultrasound waves decrease as they travel through tissue, a phenomenon known as attenuation. Given a fixed propagation distance, attenuation affects high frequency ultrasound waves to a greater degree than lower frequency waves. This dictates the use of lower frequency transducers for deeper areas of interest, albeit at the expense of resolution. Attenuation is the measurement of energy absorbed and deflected as it passes through a medium. In simpler terms, attenuation is how much stopping power a material has on energy. Consider how energy travels; most energy forms, whether sound, heat, light or radiation, travel in waves.  The wavelength and amount of force propelling the energy affects how that energy reacts to any object in its path.  The atoms of the object will absorb some energy, deflect some energy or allow some energy to flow through. The measurement of the absorbed and deflected energy provides us with an attenuation rate for any given material .

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